Subject – Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement adalah persesuaian antara verb (kata kerja) dengan subject kalimat dalam hal number, yaitu: singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak).

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Subjek dapat berupa noun (kata benda), pronoun (kata ganti), atau konstruksi lain yang berakting sebagai noun, seperti gerund dan infinitive. Pada dasarnya, singular subject (subjek tunggal) menggunakan singular verb (kata kerja tunggal), sedangkan plural subject (subjek jamak) menggunakan plural verb (kata kerja jamak).

Subject-Verb Agreement (Umum)

Secara umum pada bentuk simple present tense, singular verb berupa base form / bare infinitive (bentuk dasar dari verb) dengan ditambahkan ending (akhiran) -s/-es. Adapun pada plural verb tanpa ditambahkan ending -s/-es (sebaliknya, plural subjectditambahkan ending -s/-es). Aturan kata kerja ini berlaku pula pada subjek berupa third person (orang ketiga, contoh: Ricky, Anna) dan semua personal pronoun (they, we= jamak; he, she, it= tunggal), kecuali I dan you. Walaupun berupa subjek tunggal, I dan you dipasangkan dengan kata kerja bentuk jamak.

Jika kata kerja dalam verb “to be”, am dipasangkan dengan I, is dengan singular subjectkecuali I dan you, dan are dengan plural subject dan you.

Sedangkan pada past tense, tidak ada perbedaan bentuk kata kerja dalam hal number(tunggal atau jamak) subjek kalimat, semua dalam verb-2, kecuali jika kata kerja yang digunakan merupakan verb “to be” was-were. Was untuk singular subject kecuali you, dan were untuk you dan plural subject.

Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb Agreement

Keterangan:

subject= bold; verb= italic

No	Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb Agreement
1	The sun rises. (Matahari terbit.) singular subject, singular verb
2	The stars shine. (Bintang bersinar.) plural subject, plural verb
3	Leo rarely eats white bread. (Leo jarang makan roti putih.) singular subject, plural subject
4	You go straight ahead then turn left. (Kamu jalan lurus ke depan lalu belok kiri.) singular/plural subject, plural verb
5	My boss always comes on time. (Bos saya selalu datang tepat waktu.) singular subject, singular verb
6	They like eating out. (Mereka suka makan diluar.) plural subject, plural verb
7	Ricky is smart. (Ricky pintar.) verb to be
8	The children are naughty. (Anak-anak itu nakal.) verb to be
9	I am hungry. (Saya lapar.) verb to be
10	You are gorgeous. (Kamu sangat menarik.) verb to be
11	She drove fast. (Dia mengebut.) TIDAK BERLAKU
12	I was there yesterday. (Saya di sana kemarin.) verb to be
13	You were always busy. (Kamu dulu selalu sibuk.) verb to be

Jika ada helping verb / auxiliary verb, maka helping verb-nya yang berubah sedangkan main verb dalam bentuk dasar, present participle (-ing), atau past participle (verb-3). Pilihan helping verb dalam bentuk tunggal-jamak-nya adalah is-are, was-were, does-do, dan has-have. Khusus untuk has-have, agreement tidak berlaku jika kata tersebut merupakan second helping verb atau digunakan dibelakang helping verb lainnya. Pada situasi tersebut, have yang digunakan.

Daftar Pustaka

https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-verb-agreement

Verb Phrases & Tenses

VERB PHRASES
Verb phrases atau frase verba adalah frase yang tersusun dari verba utama ditambah dengan auxiliaries, adverbs, adverb phrases (or clauses), prepositional phrases, atau object. Dalam kalimat, frase verba berfungsi sebagai predikat.

Pada dasarnya, verb phrase merupakan kata kerja berbentuk frase sehingga tidak hanya ditulis hanya satu kata kerja saja.

Contoh:

1. I havea pencil.
2. I have boughta pencil.
3. I like the music.
4. We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m. Henry made my coach very proud
5. You must go right now
6. I’m is writing financial reports provided by the employer, etc.

Di kalimat pertama, kita menjumpai verb yaitu have. Sedangkan, di kalimat yang kedua, kita menjumpai verb phrase yaitu have bought. Phrase atau frase tentu tidak hanya terdiri dari satu kata saja bukan? So kalau begitu, kesimpulannya adalah verb phrase merupakan verb yang tidak hanya terdiri dari satu kata. Namun, tetap berfungsi sebagai verb.

Beberapa verb phrase antara lain adalah, is watching, is sleeping, was taking, have taught, have been sleeping, dan masih banyak lagi. Menggunakan penjelasan di bawah ini, saya akan menjabarkan apa saja bentuk-bentuk verb phrase di dalam bahasa Inggris.

Auxiliary Verb (Be) + Present Participle (-Ing form)

Auxiliary verbs (be) disini maksudnya adalah is, am, are, was, dan were. Sedangkan present participle yaitu kata kerja yang ditambahkan akhiran –ing. Bentuk ini digunakan pada present dan past continuous tense.

Contoh:

1. I was sleepingwhen you called me.
2. She is takinga bath.
3. He is talkingwith me.

Anda bisa lihat kata yang saya garisbawahi. Di dalamnya terdapat be verbs ditambah dengan present participle. Itulah verbs phrase.

Auxiliary verb (have) + Past Participle (Verb 3)

Auxiliary verbs disini terbagi menjadi dua yaitu have, has, dan had (past). Sedangkan past participle, biasa kita kenal dengan sebutan kata kerja bentuk ketiga. Bentuk seperti ini digunakan untuk present dan past perfect. Seperti contoh di atas, yang saya garis bawahi berikut ini merupakan verb phrase.

Contoh:

1. I have plannedto go to Europe.
2. She has cleanedthe room.
3. They had takenthe medicine.

Auxiliary verb (have been) + Present Participle (-Ing form)

Selanjutnya, kita menggunakan auxiliary verbs dengan cakupan have been, has been, dan had been (past). Kemudian ditambah dengan present participle atau kata kerja berakhiran –ing. Ini merupakan bentuk dari present dan past perfect continuous tense.

Contoh:

1. She has been waitingfor you for three hours.
2. They had been cleaningthis room.
3. I have been stayingin this house for these three years.

Modal Verb + Main Verb

Modal verb yaitu, can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. Sementara main verb adalah kata kerja utama.

Contoh:

1. I can speak
2. She will workwith me.
3. She might beyounger than me.

So, teman-teman, itulah berbagai bentuk dari verb phrase. Semoga penjelasan di atas dapat bermanfaat bagi Anda. Ingat, verb phrase adalah frase yang fungsinya sebagai verb atau kata kerja.

TENSES

1. Simple Present Tense

simple Present Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berlangsung/terjadi pada waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana, kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, kebiasaan sehari-hari, peristiwa atau perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan waktu, dan untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum.

Simple Present Tense menggunakan jenis “TO BE 1” and “VERB 1”

TO BE 1 terdiri dari: am, is, are .

I	Am
You	Are
They
We
He	Is
She
It

I	Do/Don’t
You
They
We
He	Does/Doesn’t
She
It

CATATAN:

DO dan DOES digunakan pada kalimat tanya.

DON’T (DO NOT) dan DOESN’T (DOES NOT) digunakan pada kalimat negatif.

TO BE 1 (am, is, are) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB).

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense :

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Present Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)

(+) Subject + Verb 1 + Object

(-) Subject + DON’T / DOESN’T + Verb 1 + Object

(?) DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?

(?) Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?

Example :

(+)  I speak English everyday

(-)   I don’t speak English

(?)   Do you speak English?

Answer : Yes I do, or No, I don’t

(?)  Why do you speak English everyday?

1. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau. Pada simple past tense, waktu kejadian (yesterday, last two days, last year) atau periode waktunya (for two months, for a day, for an hour) dapat disebutkan secara spesifik. Adapun simple past tense juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk if conditional tipe 2.

Rumus Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense dibentuk dari verb-2 (past tense) atau linking verb “be” (was, were). Apa itu verb-2? Verb-2 merupakan bare infinitive (bentuk dasar verb) dengan tambahan -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne untuk regular verb atau bentuk yang tidak konsisten pada irregular verb. [Baca juga: Regular dan Irregular Verb]

Dengan demikian rumus simple past tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif adalah sebagai berikut:

Jenis Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh Simple Past Tense
Positif          (+)	S+Verb-2 (Past Tense)	The Teacher Came
	S+be(was/were)	I was a stamp collector
Negatif       (-)	s + did + not + bare infinitive	The teacher didn’t come
	S + be(was/were) + not	I wasn’t a stamp collector
interogatif (?)	Did + S + bare infinitive	Did the teacher come
	be(was/were) + S	Was I a stamp collector

Example :

(+)  Rina and I went to the Ragunan zoo three months ago.

(-)   Rina and I didn’t went to the Ragunan zoo three months ago

(?)  Did Rina and I went to the Ragunan zoo three months ago?

1. Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan atau terencana. Adapun simple future tense juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk if conditional tipe 1.

Rumus Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense dibentuk dari modal “will” atau “shall” dan bare infinitive (bentuk dasar verb) atau dibentuk dari auxiliary verb “be” (am, is, are) , present participle “going”, dan infinitive.  Apa itu infinitive? Infinitive merupakan bare infinitive yang diawali atau tanpa diawali ”to”.

Dengan demikian rumus simple future tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif adalah sebagai berikut:

Jenis Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh Simple Future Tense
Positif (+)	S + will + bare infinitive	You will win
	S + be(am/is/are) + going + infinitive	They are going to come
Negatif (-)	S + will + not + bare infinitive	You won’t win
	S + be(am/is/are) + not + going + infinitive	They aren’t going to come
Interogatif (?)	Will + S + bare infinitive	will you win
	Be(am/is/are) + S + going + infinitive	are they going to come

Example :

(+)  He will continue his studies in Australia

(-)   He won’t continue his studies in Australia

(?)   Will he continue his studies in Australia?

III.          Perbedaan Singular Dan Plural

1. Singular Noun

Menurut Barbara Dykes (207 : 2007),  Singular Noun adalah “of nouns or pronouns, indicating single number, i.e. one only” (kata benda atau kata ganti yang menunjuk pada angka tunggal misalnya hanya satu). Dari pengertian tersebut kita mengetahui bahwa yang namanya Singular Noun adalah kata benda yang merujuk pada satu benda atau tunggal. Biasanya Singular Noun di dahului oleh Article (kata depan), misalkan a, an, one. Contoh:

1. Book (sebuah buku)
2. An apple (sebuah apple)
3. One bag (satu tas)
4. Plural Noun

Menurut Barbara Dykes (206 : 2007), Plural Noun adalah “of nouns or pronouns, indicating a number that is more than one” (kata benda atau kata ganti yang menunjuk pada angka yang lebih dari satu). Dari pengertian tersebut kita mengetahui bahwa yang namanya Plural Noun adalah kata benda yang merujuk pada lebih dari satu benda atau jamak.

1. Pembentukan Singular Noun Menjadi Plural Noun

Pada umumnya, Plural Nouns dibentuk dengan menambahkan akhiran  –s di belakang Singular Nouns, misalnya:

Singular Nouns           Plural Nouns

Book                           Books

Cat                              Cats

House                          Houses

Dog                             Dogs

Tetapi terdapat beberapa pengecualian dalam pembentukan Plural Nouns yang kita harus ketahui, seperti:

Dengan memberi akhiran –es pada Singular Nouns jika Nouns tersebut berbunyi desis dan berakhiran –ss, -s, -x, -z, -ch, dan –sh. Misalnya:

Singular Nouns           Plural Nouns

Glass                           Glasses

Bus                              Buses

Box                             Boxes

Quiz                            Quizes

ChrucH                       Churches

Brush                           Brushes

Example :

Singular Noun :

–          Red apple fruit is sweet

–          Many book about economic management journals in the library

contoh soal :

1. dibawah ini merupakan pembentukan singular noun menjadi plural noun, kecuali …

a. glass-glasses

b. book-books

c. eat-ate

d. church-churches

2. of nouns or pronouns, indicating single number, i.e. one only, merupakan pengertian plural noun menurut ..

a. aristoteles

b. Barbara Dykes

c. Christoper

d. Emerald Dylan

3. suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan atau terencana, merupakan pengertian dari …

a. Future tense

b. Past tense

c. Tenses

d. Simple Future Tenses

4. Dibawah ini manakah yang merupakan contoh kalimat dari simple past tenses ?

a. I was a stamp collector

b.   Red apple fruit is sweet

c. Many book about economic management journals in the library

d. Will he continue his studies in Australia?

5. Manakah dibawah ini yang merupakan rumus dari future past tenses positif?

a. S + will + bare infinitive

b. Be(am/is/are) + S + going + infinitive

c. Will + S + bare infinitive

d. S + be(am/is/are) + not + going + infinitive

Plural Noun :

–      Red apples fruit is sweet

–          Many books about economic management journals in the library

REFERENSI :

http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2014/04/pengertian-dan-contoh-verb-phrase-dalam-bahasa-inggris.html

Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier

Definition: The subject of a sentence is the noun, pronoun or noun phrase that precedes and governs the main verb. The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an action or which is associated with the action.

For example:

* He is a really nice guy.
* "He" is the subject of the sentence, controlling the verb and the complement.
* My dog attacked the burglar.
* "My dog" is the subject, controlling the verb and the rest of the sentence.
* David plays the piano
* The subject "David" performs the action of "playing the piano".
* The police interviewed all the witnesses.
* The subject the police performs the action of interviewing all the witnesses.

To determine the subject of a sentence, first isolate the verb and then make a question by placing "who?" or "what?" before it. Having identified the Subject, we can see that the remainder of the sentence tells us what the Subject does or did. We refer to this string as the "predicate" of the sentence.

For example:

* Who plays the piano?
=> "David" ( = Subject)
=> "plays the piano" ( = predicate) tells us what David does.
* Who interviewed all the witnesses?
=> "The police" (= Subject)
=> "interviewed all the witnesses" ( = predicate) tell us what the police did.

Subjects can either be "simple", "compound" or "complex"

Simple Subject
Composed of a single pronoun, noun or noun phrase.

Complex Subject
A complex subject consists of a noun phrase and any words, phrases, or clauses that modify it.

For example:

* The man who had followed us inside walked over to the telephone.
=> central noun: man
=> complex subject: the man who had followed us inside
* The superior performance of La Traviata pleased the wealthy audience.
=> central noun: performance
=> complex subject: the superior performance of La Traviata

Compound Subject
A compound subject consists of two or more noun phrases (and their modifiers if any) joined together with a coordinating conjunction.

For example:

* The man and the woman walked over to the telephone.
=> The compound subject here is the whole phrase, "the man and the woman."
* Neither the superior performance of La Traviata nor the excellent wine at intermission pleased the wealthy audience.
=> Again, the whole phrase, "neither the superior performance of La Traviata nor the excellent wine at intermission," is the subject. The phrase answers the question, "What pleased the wealthy audience?"

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VERBS

Definition: Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.

For example:

* Paul rides a bicycle.
* Here, the verb rides certainly denotes an action which Paul performs - the action of riding a bicycle.
* We buy some books to learn English verbs.
* In this example, the action word is "to buy". It tells us that the subject "we", that is the person who performs the action of the verb is "buying some books".

The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject.

Most statements in speech and writing have a main verb. These verbs are expressed in "tenses" which place everything in a point in time.

Verbs are conjugated (inflected) to reflect how they are used. There are two general areas in which conjugation occurs; for person and for tense.

Conjugation for tense
Conjugation for tense is carried out on all verbs. All conjugations start with the infinitive form of the verb.
The infinitive is simply the to form of the verb For example, to begin.
The present participle form (the -ing form), is formed by adding ing to the bare infinitive. For example, to begin - beginning.
There are two other forms that the verb can take, depending on the tense type and time, the simple past form and the past participle.

The form of the verb or its tense can tell when events take place.
For example, the verb kiss:

Present Simple: kiss/kisses
Past Simple: kissed
Future Simple: will kiss
Present Perfect: has/have kissed
Past Perfect: had kissed
Future Perfect: will have kissed
Present Continuous (Progressive): is/am/are kissing
Past Continuous (Progressive): was kissing
Future Continuous (Progressive): will be kissing
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive): has/have been kissing
Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive): had been kissing
Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive): will have been kissing

Conjugation for person
Conjugation for person occurs when the verb changes form, depending on whether it is governed by a first, second, or third person subject. This gives three conjugations for any verb depending on who is acting as the subject of the verb. For example: we have I begin, you begin , and he begins. Note that only the third conjunction really shows a difference.

In English, we distinguish between regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs are those ones which form their past simple and past participle just by adding "-ed" to the base of the verb. The rest are irregular.

Examples:

* Dracula bites his victims on the neck.
* In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs.
* She travels to work by train.
* We walked five miles to a garage.

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The Grammatical Subject Complement in English

Although nouns and adjectives most frequently function as the subject complement of sentences, five grammatical forms can perform the grammatical function of subject complement in the English language. Both native speakers and ESL students must learn and understand the five forms that can function as the subject complement in order to speak and write English fully and correctly. The five grammatical forms that can function as the subject complement are:

1. Noun phrases
2. Adjective phrases
3. Prepositional phrases
4. Verb phrases
5. Noun clauses

Subject complements are defined as words, phrases, and clauses that follow a copular or linking verb and refer back to modify or describe the subject. Subject complements are grammatical constituents embedded in the predicate of clauses.
Noun Phrases as Subject Complements

The first grammatical form that can perform the grammatical function of subject complement is the noun phrase. Noun phrases are defined as phrases that consist of a noun or pronoun plus any modifiers or complements. For example, the following italicized noun phrases function as subject complements:

* My favorite subject is grammar.
* The professor is an exceptionally intelligent person.
* My sister became a mother last night.

Traditional grammars generally use the term predicate nominative to refer to noun phrases functioning as subject complements.
Adjective Phrases as Subject Complements

The second grammatical form that can perform the grammatical function of subject complement is the adjective phrase. Adjective phrases are defined as phrases that consist of an adjective plus any modifiers or complements.

Daftar Pustaka: 

http://yebeblog.blogspot.com/2009/12/subject-verb-complement-modifier.html
https://maxinroe.blogspot.com/2017/10/pengertian-subject-verb-complement-dan.html

Personal Description

Assalamu'alaikum wr. wb
 Honestly, i feel awkward to write my own personal description because i never wrote like this before for publicty except apply for a job, but the assignment came through yesterday that i must write it down in my blog. So my name is Rendi Yosandri known as 'Bewok' cause i got facial hair on my face and i was born on March 29 1997. i have been working as a " offical web developer " since 2016 and college student in Gunadarma University since 2015 until now, i took up bachelor of computer in information system.

I finished my highschool in SMK Bina Informatika in 2015 and i choose Software Engineering from several majors. Basically i was born as IT guy since back then, it began when i was a gamer at elementary school so i kinda like computer that much and when i was junior high school i was part time game maker and selling some server stuff but i didn't specific about my hard skill which i should sharpen to get a better result in the future

Alhamdulillah as i worker i got a job that really flexible in time to adjust my daily student's schedule but responsibilities to work under pressure and deadline really challenging at the some point. it's not easy in early, but give it some time to build your routines and habbits to face it all of obstacles. i gotta keep up to date the informations and technologies which is really astonishing to follow, because things growth fast if you don't keep up the pace you will left behind of "hungry people".

Recently i got certificate from my faculty that informs all of students that have the right to run minithesis, so i probably will take a topic about decission support system (dss) for my minithesis but attendance's schedule hasn't come out yet though hopefully soon i have my attendance's schedule insyaAllah i will finish this minithesis this year and get my title. I think that's enough glimpse about me,if you need more information about me feel free to ask :p.

Wa'alaikumussalam wr. wb.